Chemical diversity and cellular effects of antifungal cyclic lipopeptides from cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria produce a variety of chemically diverse cyclic lipopeptides with potent antifungal activities. These have an amphipathic structure comprised polar peptide cycle and hydrophobic fatty acid side chain. Many antibiotic activity against range human plant fungal pathogens. This review article aims to summarize the present knowledge on chemical diversity cellular effects cyanobacterial that display activity. Cyclic from cyanobacteria commonly fall into four structural classes; hassallidins, puwainaphycins, laxaphycins, anabaenolysins. these act through cholesterol ergosterol-dependent disruption membranes. In many cases, also exert cytotoxicity in cells, more extensive examination their biological structure–activity relationship is warranted. The hassallidin, puwainaphycin, laxaphycin, anabaenolysin classes are unified shared complex biosynthetic pathways encode unusual lipoinitiation mechanisms branched biosynthesis promote diversity. However, origins some mechanisms, which drive diversification general, remain poorly understood. strong functional convergence differently organized structures suggests production lipopeptide confers benefits for producer. Whether originate or other physiological function remains be answered future. it clear wealth new novel biotechnological therapeutic applications.